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From exposure to infection: defining factors modulating the efficiency of influenza A virus infection
PROJECT SUMMARY Influenza A viruses (IAV) significantly burden society by causing millions of illnesses annually and generating significant economic losses. Transmission of IAV bet...
Engineering a Multi-Therapeutic, 3D-Printed Scaffold for Local Immunoprotection and Favorable Engraftment of Pancreatic Islets for Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
Project Summary/Abstract Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder in which the patient’s pancreatic islets are destroyed by their own immune system, leaving them unable t...
Psychosocial Predictors of Health Behaviors and Outcomes in Patients with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Positive Head and Neck Cancer
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Human Papillomavirus (HPV) related head and neck cancer (HNC) has increased in incidence by nearly 225% since the 1980s and is expected to rise over the ne...
The impact of Alzheimer's disease on novel genetic signatures of hippocampal memory traces
PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT Memory loss is a devastating symptom of age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Memories are thought to be stored in th...
Interaction of sickle cell trait with human apolipoprotein E ε4: Impact on brain structure, brain lipidomics, neuroinflammation and cognitive deficit
ABSTRACT With an increasing proportion of the population at older ages (i.e., the ‘graying of America’), there is a growing prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias...
Elucidating mechanisms underlying NSCLC progression to leptomeningeal disease
PROJECT SUMMARY. Progression to metastatic disease from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is a significant cause of mortality. Central nervous system (CNS) metastases, which carry...
Reducing anemia among young, preconception women in Nepal through a household level group norm and behavior change intervention and micronutrient supplementation
ABSRACT Preconception micronutrient status (including anemia) is a critical determinant of maternal, newborn, and child health that remains undervalued in Nepal. However, providing...
Role of beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the insula-BNST pathway in ethanol consumption and abstinence-induced negative affect.
Project Summary In 2021, there was an estimated 29.5 million people that were diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD), resulting in an estimated annual cost of $249 billion to th...
Development of a multilevel implementation intervention to equitably prescribe evidence-based therapy for hospitalized heart failure patients
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Candidate’s Long-Term Career Goal: To become an independently funded, leading physician-scientist focused on advancing health equity through multilevel imp...
The Brain Bases of Mindfulness
Project Summary Mindfulness has been defined as accepting, open-minded attention to the present moment. Mindfulness has been conceptualized as a trait (e.g., mindfulness dispositio...
Harnessing biophysical cues to spatially organize developing cardiac organoids
Abstract: Current 2D in vitro monocultures and animal models fall short in accurately modeling cardiovascular genetic disorders, leading to inadequate therapeutic development. Rece...
Finding a pathway to HIV cure among adolescents on long-standing ART in Botswana through reservoir analysis, analytic treatment interruption, and biomarker assessment
Abstract Adolescents living with HIV-1, many of whom began antiretroviral treatment (ART) in early life, are an ideal group to benefit from novel HIV-1 treatment approaches and cur...
Precision Engineering of STING-DC Immunity to Overcome Tumor Immune Evasion
Abstract Host defense responses by the mammalian immune system can be very potent but require exquisite spatio-temporal coordination. This coordination is essential to match the im...
improving Health and Housing Outcomes through a Simulation and Economic Model (iHOUSE Model)
PROJECT SUMMARY Homelessness increased by 45% from 2020 to 2021, largely from economic hardship caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and has reached all-time highs across the US. More t...
Interaction of Genetic and Environmental Factors in Keratoconus
ABSTRACT The goal of this project is to shed light on the etiology of keratoconus (KC) by elucidating the bio-molecular effects of environmental and genetic factors in vivo using a...
Understanding putative beta-cell subtypes
PROJECT SUMMARY Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease that results from relative pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and affects >400 million people. We (Rutter) previously identified f...
Granular hydrogels for the controlled delivery of immunomodulatory and angiogenic extracellular vesicles to enhance bone tissue regeneration
PROJECT SUMMARY The healing of large bone defects resulting from traumatic injuries, fracture nonunion, and tumor resection remains a significant clinical challenge. Approximately...
Role of KCC2 in sympathetic dysfunction after spinal cord injury
PROJECT SUMMARY Following spinal cord injury (SCI) at or above thoracic level 6 (T6), descending supraspinal control over the spinal neurons associated with sympathetic function is...
Biased AKAP signaling mechanisms
ABSTRACT Enzymes do not drift aimlessly within a cytoplasmic soup. Rather cell regulatory events occur within the confines of highly organized intracellular signaling nanodomains....
Metabolic Reprogramming of Myeloid Cells to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy
PROJECT ABSTRACT/SUMMARY Immunotherapy has revolutionized how oncologists treat cancer patients. One type of immunotherapy includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as tho...