Graphene - Exposure and health effects

Research problem and specific questionsGraphene material is a group of chemically similar carbon structures consisting of a thin graphite sheet.

The material has exciting properties and new applications are constantly emerging and it is expected to have a very large impact in the future. Products containing graphene are already available for consumers. In Sweden, a shift is underway from laboratory activities, via pilot plants to full-scale industry.

There is concern among graphene users about potential health risks after exposure. There are toxicological studies available but few on humans.

In measurements, we have seen that the occupational exposure is to larger graphene flakes rather §than those used in toxicological studies.

Moreover, among exposed workers nosebleeds were frequently reported.The overall aim is to develop knowledge regarding exposure and health effects from exposure to materials in the graphene family.Specific objectives are:To measure airborne exposure to graphene family materials for occupationally exposed workersStudy possible health effects of exposureStudy emissions from new products containing graphene for risk assessmentData collection and methodWe will conduct a classic occupational medicine study where we measure exposure and effect.

The exposure is measured with state-of-the-art equipment and respiratory effects are measured with questionnaires and with medical examinations such as spirometry, NO in exhaled air and with PExA (particles in exhaled air).

We will also measure emissions from new products containing graphene.Societal relevance and utilisationKnowledge about negative health effects after exposure to graphene is essential for risk-assessment and -management. Graphene is also just one of many upcoming 2D materials, so knowledge about these materials is needed.

We have very good contacts with the companies most closely involved, but also with other stakeholders nationally.

To discover new situations where graphene can be emitted is important from a risk perspective.Plan for project realisationWe have conducted/are conducting measurements at companies handling graphene.

We will use the performed measurements as a basis for the measurement strategy when carrying out in-depth and repeated exposure measurements.

In connection with this, we will carry out medical examinations on ~25 exposed and on an equal number of controls at the same company. Emission measurements for new products will be performed in the lab.