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201,169 grants found
Showing 200,521 – 200,540 of 201,169 grants
Motion Processing by Interactions of Receptive Field Center and Surround in Primate Retinal Ganglion Cells
PROJECT SUMMARY The overall goal of this proposal is to understand the role of interactions between the receptive field center and surround in encoding motion signals in sparsely e...
Naturalistic Eye Movements as Clinical Markers of Everyday Cognition in Older Adults
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Loss of independence in the ability to successfully complete activities of daily living (ADL), such as meal preparation, is a core diagnostic criterion of...
Epigenetic regulation of stem cells and development by the DNA dioxygenase Tet2
ABSTRACT The Ten-eleven translocation (Tet1/2/3) family of enzymes are epigenetic regulators of gene expression important for stem cell biology and embryonic development. Tet enzy...
Defining the Mechanism and Function of DNA Double Strand Break Induced Inhibition of V(D)J Recombination
Project Summary: B cell-mediated adaptive immunity relies on the programmed induction of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) to create diverse immunoglobin (Ig) gene repertoires. The R...
Use of novel methods to study the biochemical mechanisms of ACTG2 mutations in visceral myopathy
Project Summary The goal of this proposal is to study the mechanisms by which mutations in gamma smooth muscle actin (ACTG2) cause visceral myopathy by building upon newly develope...
Role of SerpinB3 in glioblastoma cancer stem cells
Project Summary ROLE OF SERPINB3 IN GLIOBLASTOMA CANCER STEM CELLS Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor, with a median survival of 18-20 months....
Mechanisms of immune evasion by a neuroinvasive fungal pathogen
Project Summary Cryptococcus neoformans is a neuroinvasive yeast that causes fatal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals, resulting in >180,000 annual deaths representing 15%...
Exhaled small RNA biomarkers to detect and monitor airway disease
ABSTRACT ?Exhaled small RNA biomarkers to detect and monitor airway disease? Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) together affect over 600 million people worldwi...
The role and regulation of p53 in obesity-induced liver cancer
Project Summary/Abstract Obesity is a prevalent global health problem, and it increases the overall risks of many types of chronic diseases and cancers. Nonalcoholic steatohepatiti...
Engineering Modular Oxygen-generating, Pro-vasculogenic Biomaterial Platforms for Cell-Based Therapies
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT In this proposal, we aim to develop two distinct biomaterial systems for improving nutrient and oxygen availability within cell-based clinical islet transp...
The molecular mechanism and the functional role of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex regulation in macrophages
PROJECT SUMMARY: Precise control of innate immunity is critical for human health. Both insufficient or excess inflammation can have detrimental effects and both are related to a v...
The Epitranscriptome as a Novel Mechanism of Arsenic-Induced Diabetes.
SUMMARY In the United States, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is particularly high among American Indian (AI) communities. Arsenic (As), a pervasive environmental...
Determining the molecular basis of chemosensory behaviors in mosquito-borne filarial nematode parasites
Project Summary During infection and transmission, the larvae of mosquito-borne ?larial nematode parasites perform patterned migrations, likely using a variety of sensory modalitie...
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Social Support and Health Among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT About 1 in 10 people in the United States are currently affected by diabetes, an illness that demands constant self-management with respect to diet, physi...
Establishing the Limits of Perceptual Inference for Visual Motion
Learned statistics about the world play an important role in dictating our sensory perception. When incoming sensory inputs carry limited information, such as in low-contrast condi...
Aza-Heck/C-C cleavage/cross coupling cascades of pinene derivatives for the synthesis of zoanthamine alkaloids
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are of considerable interest in medicinal chemistry, often responsible for key non-bonding interactions that contribute to...
Sensing Dietary Amino Acids from Gut to Brain
ABSTRACT Proper weight management mandates consistent consumption of nutritionally balanced diets. Consumption of diets insufficient in amino acids leads to weight loss, muscular a...
Mapping the short-range chromatin architecture of the repressive epigenome
Project Summary Genome architecture is associated with many essential cellular processes from transcriptional regulation to chromosome segregation. Recent technological innovations...
Reprogramming of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and regulation by TGFb1.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is the most common fibrotic interstitial lung disease among adults. The cause of IPF is not fully understood, and it is frequently progressive,...
The role of type 1 dendritic cells in CD4 and CD8 T cell anti-tumor immunity
PROJECT SUMMARY Cancer immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of malignancies, but these therapeutics still face enormous challenges and limited efficacy in many patient...