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99,167 grants found
Showing 97,601 – 97,620 of 99,167 grants
Transcriptome-driven inference of adverse drug interactions
ABSTRACT Ototoxicity is a debilitating side effect of over 150 medications, many of which are prescribed as part of multi- drug regimens to treat a broad range of conditions incl...
Next generation deep tissue quantitative optical imaging
PROJECT SUMMARY Nearly 20 years of clinical research has shown that near-infrared optical imaging based upon frequency domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (FD-DOS) can be a powerfu...
Molecular functions of human zinc transporter-8 in pancreatic beta cells
Abstract Zinc is a ubiquitous biological metal found in about 10% of the eukaryotic proteome. The spatiotemporal zinc dynamics provides crucial cellular signaling opportunities, bu...
SPHINGOLIPID BIOLOGY OF MACROPHAGE IN CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION
Inflammatory macrophages play a key role in the development and progression of the atherosclerosis, leading to myocardial infarction (MI). Sphingolipids are both membrane component...
Tissue Damage-Driven Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is responsible for ~10% of total cancer mortality worldwide. SCC prognosis is context-dependent and does not seem to be determined by driver gene soma...
Noninvasive measurement of oxygenation using quantitative susceptibility mapping
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The goal of this research is to develop cardiac quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for non-invasive meas- urement of blood oxygen saturation, toward...
Diffuse optical spectroscopies to assess cerebral hemodynamics in pediatric sickle cell disease
Project Summary Silent cerebral infarction is a serious consequence of sickle cell disease (SCD), affecting ~40% of patients by age 15. Although these injuries accumulate occultly,...
Molecular mechanisms of excitatory postsynaptic diversity
Unique patterns of synaptic connectivity between neurons, and the differential strength of those synapses, are fundamental to the information processing capability of the brain. Sy...
Using nicotine to reverse age-related auditory processing deficits
Age-related decline in central auditory function significantly affects quality of life in the elderly, with impaired speech perception leading to increased risk for depression, soc...
Phase 2 Study of Theophylline for the Treatment of Psuedohypoparathyroidism
Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a rare, genetic disorder caused by impaired stimulatory G protein (Gs?) signaling through downregulation of the gene, GNAS. The resultant hormone...
T cell invasion of the stem cell compartment during immune-mediated GI damage
Despite the importance of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) for epithelial maintenance in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the clinical significance of inflammatory intestinal disord...
Extrinsic regulation of primitive, myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells by Semaphorin 4a
ABSTRACT Despite substantial experimental evidence for the important functional role of myeloid-biased HSC (myHSC) in stress, inflammation and aging, the mechanisms which control m...
Transcriptional Control of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
Skeletal muscle atrophy results from insufficient nutrition, aging, certain medications, and a wide range of medical illnesses including cancer, diabetes mellitus, heart or renal f...
Neural Substrates of Binge Drinking
Alcohol misuse is responsible for ~88,000 deaths annually and exerts an annual cost of ~$250 billion in the US. Binge drinking, which accounts for ~75% of these costs, is defined b...
Durability of Epithelial Defects in Crohn's Disease Intestine
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Crohn?s disease is a debilitating and progressive inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Defects in epithelial cells are thought to contribute...
Targeting Atg5 in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer
Abstract Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. The standard first line chemotherapy to treat this deadly disease includes platinum...
Mechanism of Vascular Impairment in Neurocognitive Disorders
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is the most common etiology of dementia in the elderly including veterans. Since proportion of the elderly population is progressi...
Toxicant Exposure Impacts Host-pathogen interactions within the Reproductive Tract
Project Summary Exposure to persistent environmental toxicants (such as dioxin) is a global problem, but disproportionately affects Veterans who were exposed dioxin derived from bu...
Foxp transcription factors in regulatory T cells
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for actively maintaining immune tolerance. The Foxp family of transcription factors is composed of four members; Foxp1, Foxp3 and Foxp4 are...
Alterations in Ventral Hippocampal CA1 Processing as a Mechanism for Anxiety in Alzheimer’s Disease
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Anxiety is a highly prevalent and burdensome symptom of Alzheimer disease (AD), especially at early stages, and is linked to faster decline. Further mechan...