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Type I IFN-dependent and independent contributions to the outcomes of early innate immune cell interactions during HIV/TB co-infection
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Granuloma formation is a feature of tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Alveolar macrophages (alvMF) are cen...
Modulation of viral genome packaging in Rift Valley fever virus
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a bunyavirus, is transmitted by mosquitoes and has caused large outbreaks among humans and ruminants in many countries in Africa and the Arabian Pen...
Efferent-mediated Enhancement of the Cochlear Amplifier
Project Summary The mammalian cochlea is endowed with a robust efferent innervation called the olivocochlear system, that begins in the ventral brainstem as two distinct neuronal c...
Using real-time data capture to examine implicit attitudes as mediators of physical activity adherence in interventions
PROJECT SUMMARY Approximately 42% of new cancer cases in the U.S. are viewed as potentially avoidable, including 15% caused by excess body weight and physical inactivity. However,...
Employing quantitative image analysis based on deep learning to improve treatment efficacy in image-guided renal tumor ablation
Image-guided thermal ablation (IGTA) is a minimally invasive, low cost, and accessible cancer treatment for patients including those who are too ill to be candidates for surgery or...
Tumor stem cell initiated mitochondrial transfer
Project Summary/Abstract Cancer is a metabolically heterogeneous disease. At the core of most metabolic pathways, mitochondria play central roles in cancer cell proliferation, migr...
Influences of Prenatal Phthalate Exposure on Early Childhood Overweight/Obesity and Potentially Protective Dietary Strategies
PROJECT ABSTRACT/SUMMARY Despite decades of traditional interventions targeting diet and physical activity, childhood obesity remains a pervasive and intractable public health prob...
Understanding longitudinal trajectories of environmental factors and depression among minoritized adolescents
PROJECT SUMMARY The applicant, Ms. Mia Campbell, proposes to investigate the complex relationships between caregiver experiences of racial discrimination, environmental characteris...
Cell types controlling social behavior in extended amygdala and nucleus accumbens
Project summary Social anxiety disorder is the most common anxiety disorder in the United States, and ~40% of affected individuals do not respond to existing treatments. A limited...
Identifying neurocognitive correlates of reading impacted by adversity exposure
PROJECT ABSTRACT/SUMMARY Reading is a developmental process and a core component of education that depends on the acquisition, integrity, and processing efficiency of fundamental t...
Prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and associations with common childhood infections and allergies: A study of risks and resiliencies in the ECHO Program
ABSTRACT Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are detected in virtually all people in the U.S. and the evidence of health effects at increasingly low levels of PFAS, is growin...
Targeting NADH-Reductive Stress in Mitochondrial Disease
Project Summary Mitochondria are essential organelles for maintaining cellular redox, energy, and metabolic homeostasis. The hub of mitochondrial function is its electron transport...
Tracing the Impact of Evolving Environmental Exposure to Tobacco, Cannabis, and Nicotine Smoke and Vapor Emissions on Children's Mental Health Symptom Trajectories
PROJECT SUMMARY Background: In recent years, while combustible cigarette smoking has decreased, use and co-use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and cannabis smoking h...
Peptide multimer for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising rapidly worldwide. In the U.S., this cancer is growing at a rate faster than that of any other cancer. New biomarkers spec...
A universal intranasal nanoengineered therapy against airborne RNA viruses
PROJECT SUMMARY The past two decades have witnessed several air-borne viruses (SARS-CoV1, MERS, SARS- CoV2) that led to significant mortality. There is always a lag time before a v...
Salmonella Interactions with Macrophages
Project Summary Typhoidal Salmonella serovars, including Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi (STy) and Paratyphi A (SPTyA), are the culprits behind devastating human-exclusive infec...
Multiplex Epitope Editing to Enable Novel Immunotherapies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
PROJECT SUMMARY While immunotherapies have proved compelling efficacy against other leukemias, their application for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still hampered by the absence o...
The Role of CD3z ITAM (Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Activation Motif) diversity in CAR T cell Force and Function
Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) are a combination of an extracellular single-chain variable fragment region (scFV) that recognizes tumor protein antigens in an MHC independent ma...
Maintenance of genome stability in 3D
Summary Cancer cells harbor signs of genomic instability, including genome rearrangements, which can contribute to tumor development. Faithful DNA repair combats this instability a...
Epstein-Barr virus EBNA1 IgA as a biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk prediction
ABSTRACT Southeast Asian and immigrant Chinese communities across the globe have disproportionately high NPC incidence, averaging 25-30 times higher than the general population in...