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Developmental constraints shaping human sex chromosomes and escape from X inactivation
PROJECT SUMMARY Biological sex in placental mammals is determined by their X and Y chromosomes, which, though once a pair, diverged after the Y was confined to the male germline, a...
Molecular mechanisms that regulate the degradation of dying cells
Project Summary/Abstract Molecular mechanisms that regulate the degradation of dying cells During metazoan development and adulthood, many cells undergo cell suicide (apoptosis). I...
Investigating the roles of nuclear RNA modifications in gene regulation
RNA modification serves as a major posttranscriptional mechanism to regulate gene expression. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have exponentially expanded the breadth...
Improving Rates of Diagnostic Colonoscopy in Native Americans through a Culturally Sensitive Digital Outreach Intervention
PROJECT SUMMARY Native Americans (NA) endure a disproportionate burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and CRC-specific mortality. Screening is an effective early detection st...
Advancing Hózhó in Autism Assessment (AHAA) for Diné Families
ABSTRACT Indigenous children, including those who identify as Diné (Navajo, meaning “The People”), have inequitable access to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis and treatment...
Johns Hopkins Autoimmunity Center of Excellence
PROJECT SUMMARY The overarching theme of the Johns Hopkins Autoimmunity Center of Excellence (ACE) is that distinct immune cell subsets are the major drivers of immunopathogenesis...
Mechanisms underlying sex differences in emergence of advanced osteoarthritis pain
Abstract OA pain is heterogeneous with distinct mechanisms across pain phenotypes that are poorly understood and that likely underlie the variability in therapeutic efficacy across...
Ontogeny of sex differences in amygdala and hypothalamus after neonatal trauma
Early life medical intervention, such as occurs in the neonatal intensive care unit, saves infant lives, but also is a significant risk factor for subsequent emotional, mood and se...
Fringe regulation of Notch signaling in osteoclasts
Project Summary/Abstract Notch signaling both positively and negatively regulates differentiation and function of osteoclasts, and signaling through the different Notch receptors i...
Multimodal Investigation of Cellular Adaptation Across Timescales
ABSTRACT/SUMMARY The Center for Cellular Adaptation is an interdisciplinary team comprised of biologists, physicists, and data scientists embarking a comprehensive project to devel...
Maternal Positive Affect Socialization and Child Neural Reward Response
Abstract Reward-related brain function is consistently linked to greater motivation, pleasure, and goal-directed behavior and lower risk for depression across the lifespan. Healthy...
Defining the epigenetic landscape at the HIV-1 provirus 3’-end
PROJECT SUMMARY Elimination of integrated, replication-competent HIV-1 proviruses from host genomes persisting despite suppressive anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is the major roadbl...
Inflammation and white matter microstructural alterations after OP exposure
Project Summary Exposure to organophosphate (OP) compounds such as diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) results in irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), excessive acc...
Impact of Circadian-Microbiome Interaction on the Gut-Pancreas Axis in Aging
Abstract Low grade systemic inflammation (or inflammaging) associates with many age-associated diseases. Among the mechanisms that incite inflammaging, damage to the intestinal bar...
Model Selection for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Project Summary/Abstract In-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) can non-invasively measure levels of more than 20 biochemicals in the human brain. With its ability...
Protective Role of Mitochondrial CHCHD10 in Alzheimer's Disease through MAM and Mitophagy Mechanisms.
Project Summary Dysfunctions in mitochondria and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM) are associated with the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and hyperp...
Denosumab and sequential zoledronic acid to prevent bone loss and maintain bone mass after spinal cord injury
The current R34 proposal in response to NIAMS PAR-22-205 will provide us the time and resources to complete the detailed clinical trial planning necessary to meet NIAMS and NIH sta...
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Prevent Vision Loss from Diabetes Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Communities
PROJECT SUMMARY Diabetes mellitus affects 37 million US adults and is the leading cause of vision loss among adults aged 18-64-years. Countries such as the UK that have robust eye...
Sex chromosome contributions to alcohol drinking behaviors
Project Summary Men and women have differing vulnerabilities to alcohol. For example, men develop Alcohol Use Disorder at higher rates but research shows that women may escalate th...
A Transdiagnostic Study of Emotional Impulsivity in Suicidal Ideation and Behavior
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Suicidal ideation and behavior (SIB) is an important public health problem. This is particularly true in two serious mental health disorders, schizophrenia...