Exploring interactions between co-infecting trypanosomatids and other pathogens in a Drosophila model

Co-infection of individual hosts by multiple pathogenic species is a common phenomenon observed in natural populations. Nevertheless, our understanding of the interactions between different pathogens and the underlying molecular mechanisms remains considerably limited. Most lab research avoids the complexity of multi-organism interactions and either explores single-pathogen infections or co-infections with same taxon groups, such as multiple different bacteria.

In contrast, the real-world conditions present a full range of competing microorganisms, and deep understanding of these interactions requires a more holistic and applicable lab approach.

1. In this project, we propose the investigation of co-infection in Drosophila melanogaster model by different pathogens natural to this species (combinations of virus, bacteria and trypanosomatid parasite), trace the effect the pathogen load in different combinations in different D. melanogaster backgrounds. Our preliminary data shows that the certain pathogens can in affect the load of its counterpart which potentially can be a fruitful avenue for biocontrol measures.

2. Investigate how symbionts (such as Wolbachia known for its effects on virus infection), alters the co-infection outcomes.

3. Explore how different combinations of the pathogens affect important fitness and behavioural traits (reproductive output, locomotor activity, memory, feeding patterns).

4. With the results from the co-infection trials and phenotype assays, we will explore the most promising combination of pathogens and host background with transcriptomics to further investigate, depending on the results, either a) gene expression differences in the host and parasite response during co-infection, and/or b) profile the expression on neuronal level.

This project will bring the real-word perspective into host-parasite interactions and will enhance our understanding of co-infection process and the insect immunity in general. It promotes "one health approach" by investigating the interactions between parasites, bacteria and viruses. Additionally, the project can potentially have implications in insect vector and pest species control.