Bridging Phenomenology with Technology: An Examination of Mid-to-Late Neolithic Ritual Enclosures in Northern England using 3D Landscape Analysis

Northern England is home to a significant number of mid-to-late Neolithic ritual enclosures (c. 3200 - 2500 BCE). These include notable stone circles, henge monuments, and ring cairns. Research into the setting of these sites, especially since the 1990s, has leaned heavily on phenomenology. While influential, this approach remains both

contentious and constrained by its inherent subjectivity. This PhD aims to enhance our understanding of Neolithic enclosure settings across northern England, by augmenting phenomenology with innovative 3D landscape analysis techniques. In doing so, a more empirical approach to the study will be established.