Development of ultra-high-speed image-based technology for the study of lightning and lightning interactions

Lightning is one of the most unpredictable and destructive forces in nature, and poses a considerable threat to building infrastructure, transportation links, data connections, and power distribution networks. Climate change has seen a dramatic increase in the frequency and energy of lightning strikes worldwide over the last twenty years, and this trend is predicted to continue.

There is growing scientific interest in developing new tools and techniques for the fundamental study of lightning and lightning interactions with materials and structures, to better mitigate destructive effects. The characterisation of lightning arc evolution, temperature gradients, and energy distribution and dissipation on the nanosecond timescale are all key to this work.

This project aims to develop ultra-high-speed image-based technology to record and measure the electromagnetic emissions from both high voltage and high current laboratory generated lightning arcs both within the air and its interaction with conductive and insulating materials. This will primarily include optical emission spectroscopy, but also still, video, and schlieren techniques.

The focus will be within the 250 to 950 nm wavelength range for lightning arcs up to 400 kV and 200 kA. Mathematical analysis and modelling techniques will then be used to derive various characteristics. The primary application will be the electrical energy sector, but other sectors will also be included, such as the built environment and transportation.

This is a joint project between the Schools of Engineering and Physics, and it will be based at Cardiff University's lightning research laboratory. This facility is the only one of its kind in Europe, and one of only a few worldwide, incorporating a wide range of advanced diagnostic and analytical capabilities. The successful candidate will be integrated into a long-established and world-leading research group with excellent opportunities for mentoring and collaboration, particularly with our national and international academic and industrial partners.

The student will be enrolled in a programme of practical training, and will be expected to participate in seminars, conferences, and the preparation of journal papers and grant applications. There may also be opportunities to be involved in public engagement, such as talks at schools, youth groups, and festivals. Some national and international travel is expected.