Water in the fossil-free transition: a system approach to governing the water-energy nexus

In a collaboration between SEI and the Bothnian Bay Water District Authority, the project explores the coupling of water-energy systems to create evidence and a more robust knowledge base on water use from a river basin approach, the energy requirements based on a scenario approach, and ecosystem effects from an expected increase in renewable energy and water demand.

The project innovates partly by connecting two planning tools -LEAP and WEAP- for the first time in Sweden, and partly by filling a knowledge gap in the water-energy nexus for green steel production.

Results will support decision making and investment strategies; foster collaboration with key stakeholders (e.g., energy companies, industries, and local authorities); and build capacity in water and energy modelling amongst local agencies.

The project’s system boundaries correspond to the administration limits of the Bothnian Bay Water District, that in turn correspond to those of the Electricity Area 1. This area has historically produced excess electricity from hydropower which has been transmitted to South Sweden. However, energy demand in the area will increase with the establishment of various new industries.

These coinciding boundaries further showcase strong linkages between water and energy systems from an administrative and resource-oriented perspective, which remain unexplored.

The project is thus a “stepping stone” for bringing the water-energy nexus to the spotlight of the Swedish fossil-free transition.