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| Funder | Veterans Affairs |
|---|---|
| Recipient Organization | Va Boston Health Care System |
| Country | United States |
| Start Date | Jan 01, 2021 |
| End Date | Dec 31, 2024 |
| Duration | 1,460 days |
| Number of Grantees | 1 |
| Roles | Principal Investigator |
| Data Source | NIH (US) |
| Grant ID | 10768574 |
Project Summary/ Abstract: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is the most frequent type of post-traumatic
epilepsy, causing significant morbidity in the veteran population. Approximately 60% of adult epilepsy cases
are due to TLE, which is often medication-resistant requiring surgery. Even after surgery, ~30% of patients
continue to have ictal events. TLE causes cognitive deficits, including significant executive, memory, and
neuropsychiatric dysfunction. After initiation by a precipitating event, a seizure-free “epileptogenic” period
typically follows before TLE sets in. The network mechanisms that lead to the development of epilepsy during
this “epileptogenic” period are poorly understood. A deep and precise understanding of these mechanisms is
critical for developing new, more effective, methods of intervention to treat temporal epilepsy without the side- effects of medications and the potential disability of large surgical resections.
TLE seizures are thought to be initiated at a restricted temporal focus and then entrain cortical networks. Recent
evidence suggests that a large network of areas, including neocortex, play an active role in TLE. Sheybani et al.
[7] reports that a self-sustained epileptic network developed during epileptogenesis, becoming gradually able to
generate pathological electrical activity independent of the initial hippocampal focus. Together with other
experimental and clinical observations, this strongly suggests that extra-hippocampal cortical areas are involved in epileptogenesis. However, how cortical circuits get modified during epileptogenesis remains unknown.
We combine chronic, in-vivo, large-field (Mesoscopic) two-photon microscopy with optogenetic modulation of
specific cortical interneuron classes to study at single-cell resolution: i) how aberrant activity emerges in
neocortical circuits over the course of epileptogenesis in the pilocarpine model of TLE, and ii) whether it is
possible to interrupt the hippocampo-cortical cycle of epileptic activity by modulating optogenetically specific
types of cortical interneurons. We hypothesize that hypersynchronous firing of parvalbumin positive (PV+) and
progressively decreased engagement of SST+ interneurons emerges in cortical circuits during the epileptogenic
period. Pathological circuit dynamics will be particularly observed during the 200-400 Hz high frequency oscillations (HFOs) shown to be a marker for circuit hyper-excitability.
In aim 1, we measure how the profile of recruitment of different types of cortical neurons during high frequency
oscillations (HFOs) changes as a function of time during epileptogenesis in the pilocarpine model of TLE. We
expect that over time cortical excitability will increase and autonomous hyper-synchronous activity patterns that
may be hippocampally independent will emerge. In aim 2, we will use single-photon optogenetics with stabilized
step-function opsins as well as spatial-light-modulated (SLM), 2-photon, single-cell-specific optogenetics to
causally interrogate cortical circuit excitability during epileptogenesis. Information obtained will be critical for
identifying cell specific targets for interventions to prevent epileptogenesis and its cognitive sequelae in TLE.
Overall Strategy: The overall goal of our collaborative merit proposal is to determine the key changes in
hippocampal and neocortical circuitry that promotes the development of epilepsy and cognitive dysfunction after
the initial insult. Aims of Other Proposals: 1. Wasterlain will use immunocytochemical techniques, including
EM immunocytochemistry, to quantify changes in the GABA receptor expression at the synapse and in the peri-
synaptic space. 2. Naylor will use in-vitro slice patch clamp recordings, optogenetics, and computational
modeling to understand how the functional connectivity of different interneuron types changes during this key
period. 3. Golshani will use a combination of electrophysiological and imaging techniques to understand how the
activity patterns of defined interneuron types studied by Naylor change in vivo during the epileptogenesis in the
hippocampus. All studies are independent, yet deeply inform each other, as a multi-dimensional understanding will be key for making progress in this highly complex and disabling disorder.
Va Boston Health Care System
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