dMRI-guided pre-operative planning for supra-total resection of high-grade gliomas

ABSTRACT High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the most common primary brain malignancy in adults associated with very poor survival rates despite various treatments. Surgery is the current mainstay treatment for HGGs, and the main factor affecting survival rates (in over two decades) has been the increased extent of resection targeting

the “visible” contrast-enhancing tumor (CET) seen on conventional contrast-enhanced MR imaging. However, since then research has shown that it is the “invisible” non-enhancing tumor (NET) which leads to progression or recurrence in HGGs by infiltrating the surrounding white matter (WM) tracts. This has led to the adoption of

a supratotal resection (SpTR) approach, which includes resection of the `invisible' (microscopic) cancer beyond the visible contrast enhanced margins. SpTR has been shown to result in better patient outcomes with progression-free and overall survival. SpTR is undertaken using a combination of intra-operative techniques

but having a pre-op assessment of the functional anatomy will enhance the chances of preserving function and maximizing tumor resection. Thus, the overarching goal of this Academia-Industry partnership (AIP) is to provide a treatment planning tool that will facilitate safe SpTR maximizing the benefit of surgical therapy while

preserving neurologic function. The partnership builds on the technical expertise of UPenn for method development, the translational expertise of Synaptive to integrate into a clinically deployable product, and Mount Sinai's clinical expertise in evaluating it on patients. In Aim 1, UPenn will optimize and evaluate a

tracking paradigm that provides enhanced visualization of WM fibers in NET. This will entail by combining tissue modeling, fiber tracking and tract delineation in clinically feasible multishell dMRI and optimize the paradigm for reproducibility and generalizability across patients and acquisitions. A comprehensive comparison

of the approach to research and clinical paradigm will also be undertaken using retrospective data. The prototype for this tractography paradigm will be integrated into the Synaptive neuro-navigation product incorporating clinical and regulatory needs, with rigorous testing. The design will be optimized to maximize

clinical utility assessed through a multi-surgeon evaluation across different Synaptive sites. This will culminate in the creation of an enhanced planning tool. Finally, in Aim 3, a prospective pilot study will be undertaken to evaluate this tool on clinical efficacy for safe SpTR, with patients being longitudinally assessed for neurological

deficits. At the end of this study, the extensive evaluations will position the tool to a point of readiness for FDA submission. The AIP will lead to an enhanced pre-operative planning tool to plan safe SpTR, complementing intra-operative functional mapping, fulfilling a crucial unmet clinical need. The extended resection that this tool

will facilitate, will potentially lead to extended survival times and hence improve patient outcomes. Thus, this tool is expected to significantly impact the clinical management of brain cancer, by affecting surgical treatment.