Exploring the contribution of hypothalamic gliosis to the metabolic and reproductive complications of hypogonadism: Translational implications for obesity-induced male hypogonadism.

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and a serious public health threat since it greatly increases the risk of highly morbid chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and many cancers.

A growing body of literature has suggested that obesity is associated with hypogonadism, (defined in males as low levels of endogenous testosterone) a reproductive disorder that substantially elevates metabolic risk.

The mechanisms linking reproductive function to metabolism are not fully understood, but emerging evidence from clinical and preclinical studies suggests the potential role of hypothalamic gliosis.

Recent data support a model in which microglia (brain macrophages) and astrocytes mediate the effects of a Western-type diet to induce obesity, and that hypogonadism synergizes with an obesogenic diet to profoundly activate hypothalamic gliosis.

In this context, we propose a multidisciplinary approach to unveil the potential role of hypothalamic gliosis as a central node linking metabolic dysregulation and reproductive dysfunction.

The studies described herein will use astrocyte- and microglia-specific mouse models of increased or reduced inflammatory signaling to determine whether gliosis is proximal to hypogonadism, hypogonadism causes gliosis, or they establish a vicious cycle together.

These studies will potentially provide cellular targets for new therapies to offset the long-term metabolic harm from hypogonadism and to improve reproductive function in obese patients.

Beyond its translational value, the project will provide a solid foundation for the scientific career of the fellow and help her achieve the long-term goal of becoming an independent scientist.